For many years, Benjamin Quarles’ seminal account of the participation of African Americans in the American Revolution has remained the standard work in the field. According to Quarles, the outcome of this conflict was mixed for African American slaves who enlisted in Britain’s fight against its rebellious American colonies in return for the promise of freedom: the British treacherously resold many into slavery in the West Indies, while others obtained freedom in Canada and Africa. Building on Quarles’ analysis of the latter group, Sylvia Frey studied the former slaves who emigrated to British colonies in Canada.

According to Frey, these refugees—the most successful of the African American Revolutionary War participants—viewed themselves as the ideological heirs of the American Revolution.
Frey sees this inheritances reflected in their demands for the same rights that the American revolutionaries had demanded from the British: land ownership, limits to arbitrary authority and burdensome taxes, and freedom of religion.

1) According to the passage, which of the following is true about the African American Revolutionary War participants who settled in Canada after the American Revolution?
(A) Although they were politically unaligned with either side, they identified more with British ideology than with American ideology.
(B) While they were not immediately betrayed by the British, they ultimately suffered the same fate as did African American Revolutionary War participants who were resold into slavery in the West Indies.
(C) They settled in Canada rather than in Africa because of the greater religious freedom available in Canada.
(D) They were more politically active than were African American Revolutionary War participants who settled in Africa.
(E) They were more successful than were African American Revolutionary War participants who settled Africa.

2) Which of the following is most analogous to the relationship between the African American Revolutionary War participants who settled in Canada after the American Revolution and the American revolutionaries, as that relationship is described in the passage?
(A) A brilliant pupil of a great musician rebels against the teacher, but adopts the teacher’s musical style after the teacher’s unexpected death.
(B) Two warring rulers finally make peace after a lifetime of strife when they realize that they have been duped by a common enemy.
(C) A child who has sided with a domineering parent against a defiant sibling later makes demands of the parent similar to those once made by the sibling.
(D) A writer spends much of her life popularizing the work of her mentor, only to discover late in life that much of the older writer’s work is plagiarized from the writings of a foreign contemporary.
(E) Two research scientists spend much of their careers working together toward a common goal, but later quarrel over which of them should receive credit for the training of a promising student.

3) The author of the passage suggests that which of the following is true of Benjamin Quarles’ work?
(A) It introduced a new and untried research methodology.
(B) It contained theories so controversial that they gave rise to an entire generation of scholarship.
(C) It was a pioneering work that has not yet been displaced by subsequent scholarship.
(D) It launched the career of a scholar who later wrote even more important works.
(E) At the time it appeared, its author already enjoyed a well-established reputation in the field.

4) Which of the following can be inferred from the passage concerning Britain’s rule in its Canadian colonies after the American Revolution?
(A) Humiliated by their defeat by the Americans, the British sharply curtailed civil rights in their Canadian colonies.
(B) The British largely ignored their Canadian colonies.
(C) The British encouraged the colonization of Canada by those African Americans who had served on the American side as well as by those who had served on the British side.
(D) Some of Britain’s policies in its Canadian colonies were similar to its policies in its American colonies before the American Revolution.
(E) To reduce the debt incurred during the war, the British imposed even higher taxes on the Canadian colonists than they had on the American colonists.

Spurious

a) genuine
b) melancholy
c) goading
d) fantastic
e) irritating

LOOM : WEAVE
(A) couch : sleep
(B) needle : knit
(C) soap : wash
(D) machine : stitch
(E) bail : fish

50 minutes ago if it was four times as many minutes past three o’clock. How many minutes is it to six o’clock.

Correct answer is 26 minutes. Need explanation.

Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the
world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms
use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have
benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese
culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in
the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States
companies. This is not the case; Japanese-run automobile plants located in the
United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of
productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.

Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital
investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different
conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled
United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per
employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late
seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly
equivalent in Japan and in the United States.

Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that
led to higher productivity. A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese
production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement
conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United
States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States
automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully
expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been
trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make
small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States
practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to
do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs.

Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on
single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra
components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly
active.

1) The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) present the major steps of a process
(B) clarify an ambiguity
(C) chronicle a dispute
(D) correct misconceptions
(E) defend an accepted approach

2) The author suggests that if the observers of Japan mentioned in line 3 were
correct, which of the following would be the case?

(A) The equipment used in Japanese automobile plants would be different from the
equipment used in United States plants.
(B) Japanese workers would be trained to do several different production jobs.
(C) Culture would not have an influence on the productivity levels of workers.
(D) The workers in Japanese-run plants would have higher productivity levels
regardless of where they were located.
(E) The production levels of Japanese-run plants located in the United States would
be equal to those of plants run by United States companies.

3) Which of the following statements concerning the productivity levels of
automakers can be inferred from the passage?

(A) Prior to the 1960’s, the productivity levels of the top Japanese automakers
were exceeded by those of United States automakers.
(B) The culture of a country has a large effect on the productivity levels of its automakers.
(C) During the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, productivity levels were comparable in
Japan and the United States.
(D) The greater the number of cars that are produced in a single lot, the higher a
plant’s productivity level.
(E) The amount of capital investment made by automobile manufacturers in their factories

4) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true of Japanese
automobile workers?

(A) Their productivity levels did not equal those of United States automobile
workers until the late seventies.
(B) Their high efficiency levels are a direct result of cultural influences.
(C) They operate component-specific machinery.
(D) They are trained to do more than one job.
(E) They produce larger lots of cars than do workers in United States factories.

5) Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?

(A) A thesis is presented and supporting examples are provided.
(B) Opposing views are presented, classified, and then reconciled.
(C) A fact is stated, and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.
(D) A theory is proposed, considered, and then amended.
(E) An opinion is presented, qualified, and then reaffirmed.

6) It can be inferred from the passage that one problem associated with the
production of huge lots of cars is which of the following?

(A) The need to manufacture flexible machinery and equipment
(B) The need to store extra components not required for immediate use
(C) The need for expensive training programs for workers, which emphasize the
development of facility in several production jobs
(D) The need to alter conventional mass-production processes
(E) The need to increase the investment per vehicle in order to achieve high productivity levels
7) Which of the following statements is supported by information stated in the passage?

(A) Japanese and United States automakers differ in their approach to production processes.
(B) Japanese automakers have perfected the use of single-function equipment.
(C) Japanese automakers invest more capital per employee than do United States automakers.
(D) United States-owned factories abroad have higher production levels than do
Japanese owned plants in the United States.
(E) Japanese automakers have benefited from the cultural heritage of their workers.
With which of the following predictive statement regarding Japanese automakers
would the author most likely agree?

(A) The efficiency levels of the Japanese automakers will decline if they become
less flexible in their approach to production.
(B) Japanese automakers productivity levels double during the late 1990’s.
(C) United States automakers will originate new production processes before
Japanese automakers do.
(D) Japanese automakers will hire fewer workers than will United States automakers
because each worker is required to perform several jobs.
(E) Japanese automakers will spend less on equipment repairs than will United
States automakers because Japanese equipment can be easily altered.

harbinger

a) mountain resort
b) cymbal
c) follower
d) bird
e) autumn

MORPHINE : SEDATES
(A) oil : smears
(B) bandage : protects
(C) drug : addicts
(D) liquor : sedates
(E) medicine : soothes

The number of ways in which five letters can be selected from the word DESTROY so as to include exactly 2 vowels?

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40
E) 60

(Asked by Vivek)

MASON : STONE ::

(a) carpenter : wood
(b) teacher : chalk
(c) soldier : gun
(d) photograph : camera
(e) book : word

ENTREPRENEUR : LABORER

a) mediator : conflict
b) capitalism : communism
c) profits : wages
d) arbitrator : capitalist
e) moonlighting : worker.

BINOMIAL : NAME ::

(a) centennial : year
(b) entreat : gift
(c) normal : mean
(d) octagon : eight
(e) benediction : church

PRECARIOUS : STABILITY ::

(a) anomalous : model
(b) huge : weight
(c) exact : measure
(d) exotic : accord
(e) mean : gauge

AMPLIFIER : EAR ::

(a) telescope : eye
(b) computer : brain
(c) book : library
(d) clock : time
(e) keyboard : finger

INFAMOUS : UNFAVORABLE

(a) mellow: favorable
(b) hospitable: unfavorable
(c) vindictive: favorable
(d) gigantic: unfavorable
(e) lax: favorable

LETHARGIC : ENERGY

(a) despondent: melancholy
(b) leisurely: relaxation
(c) notorious: infamy
(d) mellow: wrath
(e) lavish: extravagance

BELLOW : FURY

(a) snicker: hatred
(b) hiss: joy
(c) giggle: dread
(d) yawn: excitement
(e) gasp: surprise

DISMANTLE : ASSEMBLE

(a) shirk: malinger
(b) pamper: mistreat
(c) mar: disfigure
(d) rant: rave
(e) abound: teem

infraction : law

(A) interruption : continuity
(B) renovation : structure
(C) establishment : order
(D) enactment : amendment
(E) punishment : crime

moisten : drench

(A) enclose : confine
(B) prick : stab
(C) disregard : ignore
(D) scrub : polish
(E) heat : chill

lachrymose : tears
(A) effusive : requests
(B) ironic : jests
(C) morose : speeches
(D) profound : sighs
(E) verbose : words

moisten : drench

(A) enclose : confine
(B) prick : stab
(C) disregard : ignore
(D) scrub : polish
(E) heat : chill